Launched on the day of the Bitcoin halving, Runes are a form of data embedded directly into Bitcoin transactions. Unlike simple financial transfers, Runes encapsulate additional information within these transactions.
Bitcoin Runes operate by utilizing a method known as “transaction augmentation,” which allows users to embed arbitrary data into transaction outputs. Runes can store a variety of data types, from simple messages to more complex contract-like scripts.
This mechanism is distinctly different from other Bitcoin-based innovations such as Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens. Ordinals inscribe data into individual satoshis, turning each into a discrete and uniquely identifiable unit of data. It makes Ordinals ideal for representing digital artifacts like images or texts on the Bitcoin blockchain.
On the other hand, BRC-20 tokens are a token standard similar to Ethereum’s ERC-20, which is designed for issuing and managing tokens on Bitcoin’s sidechains — specifically the RSK S
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